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Vulcain
Vulcain is a family of European first stage rocket engines for the Ariane 5. Its development began in 1988 and the first flight was completed in 1996. The updated version of the engine – Vulcain 2 was first successfully flown in 2005. Both members of the family use liquid oxygen/liquid hydrogen cryogenic fuel. no new version of the engine is in development.
==History==
The development of Vulcain, assured by a European collaboration, began in 1988 with the Ariane 5 rocket program.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Vulcain – Summary )〕 It first flew in 1996 powering the ill-fated flight 501 without being the cause of the disaster, and had its first successful flight in 1997 (flight 502). In 2002 the upgraded Vulcain 2 with 20% more thrust first flew on flight 517, although a problem with the engine turned the flight into a failure. The cause was due to flight loads being much higher than expected, as the inquiry board concluded. Subsequently the nozzle was redesigned to include mechanical reinforcement of the structure and improvement of the thermal situation of the tube wall through enhancing hydrogen coolant flow as well as applying a thermal barrier coating to the flame-facing side of the coolant tubes.〔 The first successful flight of the (partially redesigned) Vulcain 2 occurred in 2005 on flight 521.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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